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Primary school 5–12 years old

Different types of primary and intermediate schools.

Here are many types of primary and intermediary schools available in New Zealand.

State schools

Most primary and intermediate schools are state schools. This means they:

Within the state school system there are English and te reo Māori options, options for different age-groups, language and cultures, values and religious beliefs:

Primary schools for years 1 - 6, or years 1 - 8.

Intermediate schools for years 7 and 8.

Middle schools for years 7 to 10.

Area schools and composite schools offer primary, intermediate and secondary education in one school.

Kura kaupapa Māori  (commonly referred to as kura) are state schools where the teaching is in te reo Māori and is based on Māori culture and values. These schools are under the umbrella of Te Aho Mātua and follow the curriculum for Māori-medium teaching, learning and assessment, Te Marautanga o Aotearoa. They cater for students from years 1 to 8 or years 1 to 13.

Wharekura are schools that generally cater for students above year 8. However, there are some wharekura that include primary aged children. 

Designated character schools are state schools that teach the New Zealand Curriculum but as well as that, and have developed their own set of aims, purposes and objectives to reflect their own particular values. They may have a commitment to a particular philosophy or culture.

Te Kura (formerly The Correspondence School)  provides distance learning for students who are unable to attend their local school. Students can also study with Te Kura if they have a medical condition, have special education needs, or meet the gifted and talented criteria for enrolment.

You can find out if your child is eligible to enrol at Te Kura on their website (external link) .

Regional health schools are for students with significant health difficulties who can’t attend their local school because they are in hospital, recovering at home, or gradually returning to school. Health school teachers work with students both in hospital and at home. Three regional health schools based in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch cover the whole country.

Special schools provide education for children with particular needs, arising from special talents, learning or behavioural issues. They use the New Zealand Curriculum.

State-integrated schools

State-integrated schools teach the New Zealand Curriculum, but keep their own special character (usually a philosophical or religious belief) as part of their school programme. State-integrated schools receive the same government funding for each student as other state schools but their buildings and land are privately owned, so they usually charge compulsory fees called “attendance dues” to meet property costs. State-integrated schools can be primary, intermediate or secondary.

Private schools

Private (or independent) schools charge fees, but also receive some funding from the government. They are governed by their own independent boards and must meet certain standards to be registered with the Ministry of Education. They don’t have to follow the New Zealand Curriculum but must follow a learning programme of at least the same quality. Private schools can be primary, intermediate or secondary.

Homeschooling

Homeschooling is when parents educate their children themselves, instead of enrolling them in a school. Parents who want to educate their children at home need to apply to the Ministry of Education for a Certificate of Exemption from enrolment at a registered school. The Ministry must be satisfied that the child will be taught at least as regularly and as well as they would be in a registered school.

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156 Designated character schools

When establishing a State school, the Minister may designate the school as a designated character school.

The Minister must do so in accordance with this section and section 156AA .

The Minister may in the Minister’s absolute discretion refuse to establish a designated character school.

The Minister may not establish a school as a designated character school unless satisfied that, if the school is established,—

for a school that will also be designated a Kura Kaupapa Māori under section 155 ,—

te reo Māori will be the principal language of instruction at the school; and

the school will operate in accordance with Te Aho Matua (as defined in section 155A ):

for any other type of designated character school, the school will have a character that is in some specific way or ways different from the character of ordinary State schools (its different character ):

for any designated character school, it is desirable for students whose parents want them to do so to get such an education:

for any designated character school, students at the school will get an education of a kind that differs significantly from the education they would get at an ordinary State school.

The Minister may not also designate a designated character school as a Kura Kaupapa Māori unless he or she has first consulted te kaitiaki o Te Aho Matua on the ability of the school to operate in accordance with Te Aho Matua.

The board of a designated character school must ensure,—

for a Kura Kaupapa Māori, that—

te reo Māori is the principal language of instruction at the school; and

the school operates in accordance with Te Aho Matua:

for any other type of designated character school, that—

the aims, purposes, and objectives of the school’s different character are set out in the school’s strategic plan under Schedule 6 ; and

the school operates consistently with its different character.

A designated character school that is a Kura Kaupapa Māori may have other special characteristics that give it a particular character (its special characteristics ).

The Secretary must from time to time, by written notice to a designated character school, fix a maximum roll of the school, and the board must ensure that the number of students enrolled at the school is not more than the maximum roll.

A board of a designated character school may refuse to enrol students whose parents do not accept,—

for a Kura Kaupapa Māori, that the school operates in accordance with Te Aho Matua:

for any other type of designated character school, that the school operates consistently with its different character.

Except as provided in this section and section 11PB , this Act and the Education Act 1964 apply to every designated character school as if it were not a designated character school.

Section 156 : replaced , on 19 May 2017 , by section 115 of the Education (Update) Amendment Act 2017 (2017 No 20).

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Enrolment, attendance, and the school system

designated character schools nz

Different types of schools

In New Zealand, there are three main types of schools:

For a summary on the law related to private schools, see “Private schools” below

State Schools

State schools are the primary schools, intermediate schools, secondary schools, and composite (primary and secondary combined) schools that are funded by the government and overseen by the Ministry of Education.

Types of state schools

Māori medium schools " itemprop="name"> Māori medium schools

Within the state school system, there are Māori-medium schools with “designated character”. There are different types of Māori-medium schools, such as Kura Kaupapa Māori, Kura ā Iwi, Kura Motuhake, Kura Māori and Wharekura.

These are kura where most of the learning is in te reo Māori, and focuses on Ao Māori perspectives. They are set up in accordance to different philosophies. For example:

Can I go to a kura if I don’t speak te reo?

Education and Training Act 2020, 204(8)

It depends. Designated character schools (like Kura Kaupapa Māori and Kura ā Iwi) can set terms for enrolment according to their own aims and purposes. This can include making sure that ākonga speak or understand te reo Māori.

Check with the kura you’d like to enrol in to see if they have language or other entry requirements.

For example, a Kura Kaupapa Māori can make a rule that all tamariki must transfer from a Kōhanga reo, or another kura with a strong foundation in te reo Māori. Kura can also say that at least one whānau member must have te reo Māori, or be studying it, to support the learning of their tamaiti at home.

What is Te Aho Matua?

Education and Training Act 2020, ss 201, 202, 204 ; New Zealand Gazette, No. 32, Official Version of Te Aho Matua o Ngā Kura Kaupapa Māori

Te Aho Matua is the statement of learning and teaching principles (like a philosophy) that many Kura Kaupapa Māori use. It sets out aims for learning based on te ao Māori. It has six parts: Te Ira Tangata, Te Reo, Ngā Iwi, Te Ao, Āhuatanga Ako, Te Tino Uaratanga.

Te Aho Matua asserts the importance of whakapapa, learning alongside whānau, te reo and identity.

An aim of Te Aho Matua is that ākonga will be able to speak both te reo Māori and English. English must be taught in a separate area of the school so that the languages don’t get mixed up. Individual kura kaupapa might set requirements about having te reo before you enrol to support this (see above).

The Education Review Office (ERO) measures the learning outcomes for ākonga at Kura Kaupapa Māori by the standards set out in Te Aho Matua (instead of the ERO standards for English-medium schools).

Many kura kaupapa are guided by Te Aho Matua learning principles, however not all are.

For more information, go to www.runanga.co.nz/te-aho-matua

Integrated (formerly private) schools

What is an “integrated” school.

Education and Training Act 2020, s 10, 211

Integrated schools are schools that used to be private but are now part of the state system.

Integrated schools get the same amount of government funding as state schools, and have to teach the National Curriculum. They’re allowed to keep their “special character” – this is usually a connection to a religion or philosophy. For example, Catholic, Anglican, Methodist, Jewish, Muslim, Steiner and Montessori schools.

It can be a condition of enrolling at an integrated school that students, parents and guardians agree to the school’s special character.

Integrated schools can also charge a compulsory fee, called “attendance dues”.

Private schools

What are my rights at a private school what laws apply.

Enrolment at a private school is managed by a private contract (an agreement) between the school and your parents or guardians. This is instead of the Education and Training Act, and the other laws and regulations that govern state and integrated schools.

When you enrol, you and your parents are making an agreement with the school to provide your education. Your parents will pay the fees, and you will follow the school’s rules.

If there’s a disagreement, including if you think the school has breached the contract, you can use the court system.

For small claims, you can go to the Disputes Tribunal. It is a quicker, cheaper way of resolving disputes that sits outside of the formal court system. There are no lawyers or judges – a referee makes a decision.

Although they’re not covered by the Education and Training Act, private schools must still follow all other New Zealand law. This includes the Privacy Act 1993, the Human Rights Act 1993, and the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990.

What curriculum do they teach at private schools?

Education and Training Act 2020 sch 7(2), 7(5)

Private schools don’t have to teach the same curriculum as state schools. They can develop their own curriculum and their own assessment standards, although these are reviewed regularly by the Education Review Office (ERO). The teaching standards must be at least as good as in state schools.

ERO reviews each private school every three years. The review makes sure that the school has suitable premises, staffing and equipment, that it has a suitable curriculum and that the teaching is of a standard at least as good as in state schools.

If it offers national qualifications like NCEA, the school will have to meet the standards set by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA).

Disciplinary processes at private schools

If you break the school rules, you’ll go through the school’s specific disciplinary processes.

You can also expect that the school will behave fairly and reasonably. Any disciplinary process must be legal. For example, a teacher can’t smack a student, because that is against the law.

Home-schooling

Education and Training Act 2020, s 38

Home-schooling is when you’re taught at home. You don’t have an automatic right to be home-schooled, but your parents or guardians can apply for a long-term exemption from enrolment at a mainstream school or kura.

To apply, your parents or guardians need to contact the local Ministry of Education office. They need to provide information to show you’ll be taught as regularly and as well as you would be at school. For example:

weekly timetables or routines that show you’ll be taught in a planned way

a plan for how your learning will be assessed (you don’t have to be taught the New Zealand Curriculum).

You still need to go to school until you get the exemption certificate from the Ministry. Otherwise, you will be considered truant. See “ Truancy: Wagging school ”

Specialist schools

Education and Training Act 2020, s 37

A specialist school provides specialist education or support for students with specific physical, social, sensory or learning needs. This can include satellite units and special units. A satellite unit is where a student can be enrolled in a day specialist school (“base school”), and also go to another school (“host satellite”) for specialist teaching.

If you are under the age of 21, your parents or guardians may enrol you in specialist education at a particular state school, specialist school, specialist class or specialist clinic.

Te Aho o Te Kura Pounamu: Correspondence School

Education and Training Act 2020, ss 68, 196

Te Kura Pounamu is where you work from home if you meet certain requirements. It is a registered school that follows the New Zealand Curriculum. You have an assigned teacher that monitors and assesses your work.

There are two types of enrolment. If you are eligible as a full-time eligible student, you won’t have to pay fees and you will go on the roll. You may be eligible if you:

These criteria are subject to change. To see if you may be able to learn by distance, contact Te Kura on 0800 65 99 88, or go to www.tekura.school.nz

Students can also be dual enrolled – this means they remain enrolled at their current school, but receive extra teaching through Te Kura. This is government-funded in certain situations, including if the student has high health or educational needs.

Regional Health School

Regional Health Schools provide intensive support for students with high health needs (for example, chronic or psychiatric illness).

For more information, visit www.education.govt.nz

High and Complex Needs Unit

A special unit is available to help students (usually aged between six and 14) who are a risk to themselves or others, and who have complex and challenging needs that can’t be met by local services. The student must already be involved with more than one agency from the education or health sectors (including disability or mental health) or Oranga Tamariki. The unit brings these agencies together with the student and their family to develop a plan, and provides tools, and information.

For more information, visit www.hcn.govt.nz

Alternative Education

Students aged 13 to 15 with behavioural difficulties, or who are alienated or disengaged from school, may be able to enrol in an Alternative Education programme or an Activity Centre.

Alternative Education programmes are funded by the Ministry of Education and are linked to a particular school. An Alternative Education student remains on the school roll, while being taught in small groups in a different setting. The school oversees the programme and is responsible for the student.

There are advantages to working with students in the existing school environment. These include students having access to all school resources, and experiencing smoother transitions back into mainstream schooling, if this is in the student’s best interests.

Activity Centres provide alternatives for students exhibiting “at risk” behaviour. They are places where students can have “time out” and then return to regular secondary schooling. They are also an alternative for those who aren’t coping with a regular school.

For more information about alternative education, visit www.alternativeeducation.tki.org.nz

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Six more charter schools to become designated character schools for 2019

Six more applications from charter school sponsors to establish designated character schools next year have been approved, Education Minister Chris Hipkins announced today.

In addition, two applications for state integrated schools have been approved to go through to the final stage.

“I have sought further information from the sponsor of two further schools, and work is needed on property options for the remaining application. The applicants for these three schools have met all other criteria for becoming a designated character school,” Chris Hipkins said.

“Vanguard School was approved in May.  I have now approved the following six schools to be established as designated character schools from Term 1 2019:

“To help these schools be ready for the start of the school year, I have also appointed their Establishment Boards of Trustees. They include members of each charter school’s governance board, to provide continuity and support its character. 

“I have approved the first stage of the state integrated school applications relating to Tūranga Tangata Rite in Gisborne and Waatea School in Auckland. This means the Ministry will begin negotiations on integration agreements with these schools’ applicants, from which I will then make a final decision,” Chris Hipkins said.

Decisions will be made as soon as possible about the two remaining sponsors’ applications to establish three designated character schools, when more information is available. The schools are Rise UP Academy in Auckland, Middle School West Auckland and South Auckland Middle School.

“I expect to make final decisions on the two state integrated and three designated character schools in September, but have asked the Ministry to try and ensure this happens earlier if possible. This is still enough time for the new schools to open in 2019.

“Today’s decisions mean that six more charter school sponsors, their students and school communities have certainty for next year, within the wider state system. The Government’s focus is on rebuilding the state education system, so that it meets the needs of every student and supports them to succeed.”

designated character schools nz

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Designated Character School

In 2015 hagley college successfully applied for designated character status, awarded by the ministry of education to schools offering unique programmes and courses not available in other schools., that means:  .

1. We’re a designated character school established under Section 156 of the Education Act.

2. We act as a regional hub across Christchurch.

3. We provide students with a significantly different learning environment achieved through delivery models not offered in conventional high school settings. We offer a broad curriculum that allows students across Christchurch to access a relevant education designed around their individual needs.

4. Our designated character is lived out:

What does our Designated Character status mean for you?

It’s our job to find out if Hagley’s special character will work for you. We need to know whether you meet these designated character criteria to ensure you are eligible to enrol at Hagley. Criteria are:

designated character schools nz

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Charter school hold-outs approved as state schools.

Simon Collins

Simon Collins

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Alwyn Poole, who has been the public face of charter schools, has been approved to run his two charter schools as designated character state schools. Photo / Doug Sherring

All but perhaps one of the 13 charter schools set up by the National Government now look set to stay open in some form, after two more were approved today as special character state schools.

Education Minister Chris Hipkins has announced that Middle School West Auckland and South Auckland Middle School have been approved to reopen as designated character state schools next year.

The two schools, both run by Alwyn Poole's Villa Education Trust, complained loudly when they were left out of a first batch of six charter schools that were approved as designated character schools last month.

One other, Vanguard Military Academy, won its designated character approval in May, and three others, Māngere-based Te Kura Māori o Waatea and a proposed Waatea High School, and a proposed new school, Tūranga Tangata Rite in Gisborne, are expected to become state-integrated schools.

Only the Rise Up Academy , a mainly Pacific school in Māngere East, is still waiting for approval as a designated character state school.

Poole, who started a private school in Epsom before opening his two charter schools, said he was "delighted" to be approved to run two state schools.

He said the change meant his teachers would now be paid at centrally-negotiated state rates, but he hoped to "look after" them using the school operations grants.

"We are convinced that we can manage to keep a few of our key points of difference," he said.

"One is that our parents won't pay a donation. Two, our class sizes will be restricted to 15. And we will work out ways of really looking after our staff."

Hipkins said he deferred deciding on Poole's two charter schools in July "because more information was needed to demonstrate that they meet the legal requirements for designated character schools".

"An independent evaluator has since reviewed the schools' planned curriculum alongside their proposed character," he said.

"As a result, I am now satisfied that the curriculum will reflect the schools' designated character, and that their students will receive an education that is significantly different from an ordinary state school.

South Auckland Middle School boasts eight sets of twins in its roll of 180. Photo / Jason Oxenham

"Accordingly, I have decided to approve the sponsor's application. I have also appointed the Establishment Board of Trustees who will be responsible for both schools. They include members of the existing Villa Education Trust Board, to provide continuity for the schools and support their special character."

Poole said the trust had nominated five of its six trustees to sit on the new establishment board and requested permission to co-opt one other member.

designated character schools nz

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SchoolNews - New Zealand

More charter schools to become designated character schools

Photo of School News

Six more applications from charter school sponsors to establish designated character schools next year have been approved, Education Minister Chris Hipkins announced yesterday.

In addition, two applications for state integrated schools have been approved to go through to the final stage.

“I have sought further information from the sponsor of two further schools, and work is needed on property options for the remaining application. The applicants for these three schools have met all other criteria for becoming a designated character school,” Chris Hipkins said.

“Vanguard School was approved in May. I have now approved the following six schools to be established as designated character schools from Term 1 2019:

“To help these schools be ready for the start of the school year, I have also appointed their Establishment Boards of Trustees. They include members of each charter school’s governance board, to provide continuity and support its character.

“I have approved the first stage of the state integrated school applications relating to Tūranga Tangata Rite in Gisborne and Waatea School in Auckland. This means the Ministry will begin negotiations on integration agreements with these schools’ applicants, from which I will then make a final decision,” Chris Hipkins said.

Decisions will be made as soon as possible about the two remaining sponsors’ applications to establish three designated character schools, when more information is available. The schools are Rise UP Academy in Auckland, Middle School West Auckland and South Auckland Middle School.

“I expect to make final decisions on the two state integrated and three designated character schools in September, but have asked the Ministry to try and ensure this happens earlier if possible. This is still enough time for the new schools to open in 2019.

“Today’s decisions mean that six more charter school sponsors, their students and school communities have certainty for next year, within the wider state system. The Government’s focus is on rebuilding the state education system, so that it meets the needs of every student and supports them to succeed.”

Photo of School News

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